Openshift-UPI: Introduction HAProxy load-balancing in a easy way

#openshift #haproxy

Let's look at what HAProxy is and how it works before we start setting it.

What is HAProxy?

HAProxy (High Availability Proxy) is a free, fast, and reliable solution offering high availability, load balancing, and proxying for TCP and HTTP-based applications. It is written in C and has a reputation for being fast and efficient (in terms of processor and memory usage).

How does HAProxy work?

When an incoming request arrives, it will be received by the Load Balancer (HAProxy), which then forwards the request to one of the back-end servers. The Load Balancer uses a scheduling algorithm (like Round Robin) to determine which server should receive the request.

The back-end server processes the request and sends a response back to the Load Balancer. The Load Balancer then forwards the answer to the client.

The Load Balancer ensures that the client always receives a response. If one of the back-end servers goes down, the Load Balancer will stop sending requests to that server. Requests will be routed only to the working servers.

Setting up HAProxy for a Hyperconverged OCP Cluster

Now let's see how we can set up HAProxy for a Hyperconverged OCP Cluster. As we all know, HAProxy is a Load Balancer for routers in OCP; we can utilize HAProxy to load-balance API Server. But we shouldn't use the k8s managed HAproxy instance. If something happens to all instances of k8s API, it will be harder to recover instances of HAProxy. Instead, we'll utilize the second instance of HAProxy managed by the Kubelet as static pods.

Keepalived - HAProxy workflow

For TCP load balancing, there are three HAProxies: one active and two standby, ready to take over if the active one fails.
Keepalived use the “Virtual Redundancy Routing Protocol (VRRP)” to perform failover tasks. Active node claim the VIP and passes the traffic to endpoints.
If active node failed, Keepalived elects a new leader, takes over the VIP address, and sends an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) message to claim traffic.
If the active node down or HAProxy service down on the active node, Standby HAProxy server take over the VIP addresses.

Take a look at static pods of HAProxy instance,

kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: haproxy
  namespace: openshift-openstack-infra
  creationTimestamp:
  deletionGracePeriodSeconds: 65
  labels:
    app: openstack-infra-api-lb
spec:
  volumes:
  - name: resource-dir
    hostPath:
      path: "/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/haproxy"
  - name: kubeconfigvarlib
    hostPath:
      path: "/var/lib/kubelet"
  - name: run-dir
    empty-dir: {}
  - name: conf-dir
    hostPath:
      path: "/etc/haproxy"
  - name: chroot-host
    hostPath:
      path: "/"
  containers:
  - name: haproxy
    securityContext:
      privileged: true
    image: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-v4.0-art-dev@sha256:555efd05a7c11ebd96922a0541556781e093fb7be09aed2b3d6f7973982e1a88
    env:
      - name: OLD_HAPROXY_PS_FORCE_DEL_TIMEOUT
        value: "120"
    command:
    - "/bin/bash"
    - "-c"
    - |
      #/bin/bash
      verify_old_haproxy_ps_being_deleted()
      {
        local prev_pids
        prev_pids="$1"
        sleep $OLD_HAPROXY_PS_FORCE_DEL_TIMEOUT
        cur_pids=$(pidof haproxy)
        for val in $prev_pids; do
            if [[ $cur_pids =~ (^|[[:space:]])"$val"($|[[:space:]]) ]] ; then
               kill $val
            fi
        done
      }

      reload_haproxy()
      {
        old_pids=$(pidof haproxy)
        if [ -n "$old_pids" ]; then
            /usr/sbin/haproxy -W -db -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg  -p /var/lib/haproxy/run/haproxy.pid -x /var/lib/haproxy/run/haproxy.sock -sf $old_pids &
            #There seems to be some cases where HAProxy doesn't drain properly.
            #To handle that case, SIGTERM signal being sent to old HAProxy processes which haven't terminated.
            verify_old_haproxy_ps_being_deleted "$old_pids"  &
        else
            /usr/sbin/haproxy -W -db -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg  -p /var/lib/haproxy/run/haproxy.pid &
        fi
      }

      msg_handler()
      {
        while read -r line; do
          echo "The client send: $line"  >&2
          # currently only 'reload' msg is supported
          if [ "$line" = reload ]; then
              reload_haproxy
          fi
        done
      }
      set -ex
      declare -r haproxy_sock="/var/run/haproxy/haproxy-master.sock"
      declare -r haproxy_log_sock="/var/run/haproxy/haproxy-log.sock"
      export -f msg_handler
      export -f reload_haproxy
      export -f verify_old_haproxy_ps_being_deleted
      rm -f "$haproxy_sock" "$haproxy_log_sock"
      socat UNIX-RECV:${haproxy_log_sock} STDOUT &
      if [ -s "/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg" ]; then
          /usr/sbin/haproxy -W -db -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg  -p /var/lib/haproxy/run/haproxy.pid &
      fi
      socat UNIX-LISTEN:${haproxy_sock},fork system:'bash -c msg_handler'
    resources:
      requests:
        cpu: 100m
        memory: 200Mi
    volumeMounts:
    - name: conf-dir
      mountPath: "/etc/haproxy"
    - name: run-dir
      mountPath: "/var/run/haproxy"
    livenessProbe:
      initialDelaySeconds: 50
      httpGet:
        path: /haproxy_ready
        port: 50936
    terminationMessagePolicy: FallbackToLogsOnError
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  - name: haproxy-monitor
    securityContext:
      privileged: true
    image: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-v4.0-art-dev@sha256:c1f0f7c54f0f2ecd38fdf2667651f95153a589bd7fe4605f0f96a97899576a08
    command:
      - "/bin/bash"
      - "-c"
      - |            
        cp /host/etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
        monitor /var/lib/kubelet/kubeconfig  /config/haproxy.cfg.tmpl  /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg  --api-vip 172.21.104.25
    resources:
      requests:
        cpu: 100m
        memory: 200Mi
    volumeMounts:
    - name: conf-dir
      mountPath: "/etc/haproxy"
    - name: run-dir
      mountPath: "/var/run/haproxy"
    - name: resource-dir
      mountPath: "/config"
    - name: chroot-host
      mountPath: "/host"
    - name: kubeconfigvarlib
      mountPath: "/var/lib/kubelet"
    livenessProbe:
      initialDelaySeconds: 10
      exec:
        command:
          - /bin/bash
          - -c
          - |
            cmp /host/etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
    terminationMessagePolicy: FallbackToLogsOnError
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  hostNetwork: true
  tolerations:
  - operator: Exists
  priorityClassName: system-node-critical
status: {}

and the configuration for this HAProxy pods

defaults
  maxconn 20000
  mode    tcp
  log     /var/run/haproxy/haproxy-log.sock local0
  option  dontlognull
  retries 3
  timeout http-request 10s
  timeout queue        1m
  timeout connect      10s
  timeout client       86400s
  timeout server       86400s
  timeout tunnel       86400s
frontend  main
  bind :::{{ .LBConfig.LbPort }} v4v6
  default_backend masters
listen health_check_http_url
  bind :::50936 v4v6
  mode http
  monitor-uri /haproxy_ready
  option dontlognull
listen stats
  bind localhost:{{ .LBConfig.StatPort }}
  mode http
  stats enable
  stats hide-version
  stats uri /haproxy_stats
  stats refresh 30s
  stats auth Username:Password
backend masters
   option  httpchk GET /readyz HTTP/1.0
   option  log-health-checks
   balance roundrobin
{{- range .LBConfig.Backends }}
   server {{ .Host }} {{ .Address }}:{{ .Port }} weight 1 verify none check check-ssl inter 1s fall 2 rise 3
{{- end }}

The above settings must be applied to all three controller machines.

Goglides Dev 🌱

Openshift-UPI: Introduction HAProxy load-balancing in a easy way

What is HAProxy?

How does HAProxy work?

Setting up HAProxy for a Hyperconverged OCP Cluster

Keepalived - HAProxy workflow

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